College of Social and Behavioral Sciences
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Browsing College of Social and Behavioral Sciences by Subject "Adverse childhood experiences"
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Item Childhood Experiences and Cognition: Relationships Between ACEs, Working Memory, and Criminality(2021) Rush, James MRecent research has suggested that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) impact a number of aspects of adult behavior and cognition, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and criminality. ACEs have also been associated with a lower Working Memory (WM) capacity. However, research is limited in determining the effect that an impacted WM capacity has on individuals with high ACE scores when observing criminal behavior or cognition. This study then presents the question: What is the relationship between ACEs and criminality and how is that relationship mediated by WM? ACEs were measured using a scale primarily created from combinations of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS; Straus & Gelles, 1990) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ; Bernstein & Fink, 1998), which was assembled by Dube et al. (2003). The Working Memory Questionnaire (Vallat-Azouvi et al., 2012) was utilized to measure WM capacity. Demographics were also collected in an original questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that there were significant positive correlations between ACEs, WM difficulties, and criminal behavior. However, the relationship between ACEs and criminal behavior did not appear to be moderated by WM. These findings suggest that early childhood traumas impact WM and criminal behavior, but that relationship may be moderated by a separate, undiscovered variable. Further research should be conducted to better understand the relationship between these constructs and how that information could be utilized in early intervention therapeutic services for victims of child abuse or neglect.Item Intergenerational Traumas Effect on Next-Generation Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Marginalized Populations(2023) Johnson, CrystalThis literature review explores how the transmission of intergenerational trauma can affect the next generations' adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) within marginalized populations. The research question for the abstract was to evaluate intergenerational trauma transmission's role more clearly in next-generation ACE formulation. To answer the proposed research question, a review of current psychological articles was conducted to find gaps in knowledge. The synthesized review consisting of twenty-four articles on intergenerational trauma and next-generation ACEs for marginalized populations began from October to December 2023. Study outcomes included an increase in child development of ACEs through internal and external factors (21%) such as poverty, health equity, housing stability, racism, state-perpetuated violence, and immigration. Findings spoke to understanding ACEs and combating those effects with resilience interventions and strategies to offset later-life physical, behavioral, and mental health disorders. Results confirmed that there is evidence to support a causal inference to the claim that maternal ACEs impact children's development and poor social and emotional outcomes that potentially cause mental health symptoms (such as depression and anxiety). Further empirical research is required to understand intergenerational trauma in marginalized families better, as well as the different types and levels of trauma experienced and how it manifests from generation to generation. Furthermore, a more comprehensive ACE evaluation should consider individual and community ACE indicators. This will help to improve public health initiatives for adversity at the community level by providing a more accurate explanation of the mechanisms by which ACE effects are transmitted to public health at the population level.